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Anatomy of ill health - page 4
Keywords: Anatomy ill health environmental health human body
By JN on 02/06/2009
Level: Bachelor Honours Degree (BA, BEng, BSc etc)
Page Number: 4 of 6 pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6where little movement is required e.g. Tarsals. Long bones needed for areas of more movement, usually limbs e.g. Femur. Irregular bones are ones that differ in their characteristics e.g. Coccyx. Sesamoid bones are found within tendon and there are very few of these, e.g. Patella. Functions of the skeleton includes support, protection, movement, forms joints for movement, attachment for muscles. Essential functions such as storage of Calcium salts and phosphorus within bones and the formation of red blood cells are also part of the skeletal system.
The nervous system is a complex instruction or communication system made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. There are two parts to the system the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The brain acts as the management unit in this system connecting to the body by a series of nerve cells that send messages. They report pain to the body and feed this information back to the brain so that it can respond to avoid danger. Also known as homeostasis. A nerve cell is composed of cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, neurilemma, nodes of ranvier, end feet and synapse (See Appendix 7). The cell acts as a link in a chain passing information to and from the destination causing the information (a sensation) to the brain. The nerve impulses are created in response to sensations they react all the time to chemicals and pressure or temperature changes by generating electrical charges.
The endocrine system is composed of hormone producing glands and works alongside the nervous system. Hormones are chemical messengers (An introductory Guide to Anatomy and Physiology: Louise Tucker), which are secreted into the blood by the relevant producing gland. The pituitary gland has two hormone secreting lobes, the anterior and posterior. The anterior secretes: human growth hormone, which regulates the body’s height and growth, Adrenocorticotrophin that controls the adrenal cortex, Thyrotrophin to control the thyroid gland and Gonadotrophins to control sexual development as well as Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinising hormone. The posterior excretes Antidiuretic hormone, to regulate water and Oxytocin to release milk into ducts during pregnancy. Other glands part of the endocrine system are thyroid glands, parathyroid, adrenal glands, the pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal body, the centre of the brain to control body rhythms, and the thymus, vital part of the immune system.
The reproductive system allows humans to reproduce. It differs greatly between men and women.
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