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Type 2 Diabetes Case Study - page 3
Keywords: Daibetes, case study, Diabetes Melltitus, NIDDM patient history
By Einstein10 on 30/12/2009
Level: Foundation Degree
Page Number: 3 of 6 pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6but the patient showed symptoms of hypoglycaemia
Acarbose an Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor was also used to lower her hyperglycaemia but the patient suffered from gastrointestinal side effects and her A1C was only reduced by 0.5-0.9%
Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, improves insulin resistance, can lower A1C by 1% and is not linked to hypoglycaemia, but is associated with GI irritation
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril Used due to hypertension and micoalbuminurea lab results
After carefully reviewing the medications that could be prescribed for Chimera the clinician decided choose metformin 500mg twice daily and recommended Chimera takes the medication with food to prevent irritation of the gut. This was because metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, improves insulin resistance, can lower A1C by 1%, is not linked to hypoglycaemia and can even reduce the patient’s weight by suppressing their appetite. 3 ACE inhibitor enalapril is used to reduce her blood pressure and microalbuminurea. With regards to her diabetic peripheral neuropathy he tell her that its mandatory to control her blood glucose levels as this is the only way to reverse or delay the condition.
General signs and symptoms of Diabetes
Table 6. 12 Signs and Symptoms’ of Diabetes
Signs and symptoms in Type 1 Signs and symptoms in Type 2
Excessive urine output (polyuria) Excessive urine output (polyuria)
Extreme levels of thirst (polydipsia) Extreme levels of thirst (polydipsia)
Tiredness/Lethargy Tiredness/Lethargy
Genital Itching Genital Itching
Blurred vision (caused by dryness of eye) Blurred vision (glucose alters the shape of the eye lens )
Frequent infections, and cuts and bruises that take monger than normal to heal Frequent infections, and cuts and bruises that take monger than normal to heal
Frequent Thrush Areas of darkened skin at the neck and skin folds (acanthosis nigricans) (Specific to Type 2)
Unexpected cramping Increased hunger
Feeling constipated Numbness or tingling in hands, legs or feet (Neuropathy)
Loss of muscle and weight loss Sudden weight change
Distinguishing features between type 1 and type 2
Table 7. 3 Distinguishing features between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 Type 2
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with an acute onset caused by the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cells making these patients’ insulinopenic and must therefore take exogenous insulin to control their blood glucose. Although this disease is associated with childhood, it can actually occur at any age with approximately 50% of patient’s aged below 40.
Type 2 diabetic patients are usually over 40 and the disease is caused by insulin resistance which decreases glucose absorption or because the pancreases in not producing sufficient insulin to lower blood glucose.
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